There aren’t many things that everyone in the country can agree on.

Obviously we’re all pleased that all the clueless people on The Apprentice have been eliminated, those who were selected for unfathomable reasons. And, of course, that owning your own house is what everyone aspires to – and the bigger the house, and the smaller the mortgage, the better. But now that last item might have to be scratched from the list. After nearly half a century, during which the British increasingly owned their own houses, and when home ownership has been held up as the summit of social aspiration, fewer of us every year now own the place we live in. This has some far-reaching consequences.

The decline in home ownership is already well established. The peak in owner-occupation was reached all the way back in 2003, when it hit 70.9% of English households. I remember well when that statistic was announced. Since then, it has been going down at a steady rate of about 0.5% a year, which has reduced it to 67.5% for 2010, the latest date for which numbers are available. Owner occupation is now back to the same levels it was in 1991, so in effect there has been no growth for 20 years. Don’t expect that to change soon – if anything, the trend is likely to accelerate.

For starters, government subsidies have been steadily withdrawn. You used to get tax relief on mortgage interest payments, so that in effect the government paid part of your mortgage for you. Ah, halcyon days! Remember the clamour for home ownership ( any home) in 1988/89 before the qualification date? That was steadily withdrawn, and finally abolished, about ten years ago. These days, steadily rising council taxes and stamp duties mean that far from subsidising home ownership, the government now actively penalises it.

Next, houses are still very expensive. The long-term figures suggest the average house should be worth 3.5 times the average salary. Prices are still way above that. One reason why people aren’t buying houses any more is that they are too expensive – and until that starts to change, owner occupation rates won’t rise.

Thirdly, and most importantly, the days of easy debt are well and truly over. The housing boom was largely fuelled by borrowed money, but that too is now much harder to come by. In Britain, the average deposit on a first house is £26,000, a big sum when there are student debts to pay, and real wages are falling. Pushing owner-occupation levels up to 70%-plus was only really possible when there were 125% self-certification mortgages available (ie ‘liar loans’) – in other words, by lending money to people who couldn’t really afford it. The banks are not going to be doing that again for a long time – and that means that ownership will be restricted to a narrower range of people.

Take those three factors together and it is hardly surprising that owning your own house is less popular than it used to be. Where the numbers will settle exactly, we don’t know yet. But it is not going to be anywhere near the levels we were once used to. So what does that mean for financial services? There are three big implications. First, mortgage lending is not going to be the dominant force it once was. Mortgages have been a huge industry in Britain, employing tens of thousands of brokers, advisers and solicitors. It has been the major revenue source for the high-street banks and the building societies. But lower house ownership means fewer new mortgages. Back in 2001, 41% of households had a mortgage. That is already down to 35%, and on current trends it is going to keep on falling. There will be less business for everyone in the industry. A lot of jobs are going to disappear, and profits with them.

Second, lending is going to be a lot harder. Banks won’t be able to dish out money against people’s houses the way they used to. Fewer people will own a house, and those who do will probably be higher up the income scale. So they won’t need credit the way younger, cash-strapped people do. A lot of the personal lending industry is also going to vanish. That which remains will have to find new and smarter ways of judging whether people are a good credit risk or not – because they won’t simply be able to take a charge over people’s houses and threaten to take them away it if they don’t pay.

Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, renting will be a huge growth industry. Just because home ownership is in decline doesn’t mean people are going to start sleeping rough. They’ll still be living in flats and houses – it is just that other people will own them – people like us – and they’ll be paying rent instead of mortgages. There are already more people in private rented property than local authority or social housing. The buy-to-let sector, which took such a knock during the credit crunch, is going to bounce back strongly. New private rental corporations, owning huge numbers of properties, will emerge. The banks will need to start lending to them, to us. And many of their brokers will need to turn themselves into letting agents instead.

There will be opportunities, just as there are with any big social change. However, traditional building societies will be hit hard: their entire business was about helping ordinary people onto the property ladder. And the whole financial services industry is going to be knocked – unless it finds a way to re-invent itself fast.

But from our perspective, assuming you have a few buy-to-lets in your portfolio, then it ’s all very good news. Higher demand means higher rents and greater yields. I’ve noticed this trend myself, by edging up the rental values of a few properties. It hasn’t made the slightest difference to demand. Even though I was prepared to negotiate downwards, I haven’t needed to, not on one occasion. Indeed, I’m even thinking of adding some more. But not in the UK, in France, the purchasing process of which is explained within these pages. Here in Britain, with a buy- to-let, I’d be lucky to get 60% loan-to-value. In France, so long as the property is between €300k and €1m I can get 100% financing, and at low euro lending rates.

Investors in London don’t think twice about purchasing buy-to-lets in Scotland. And yet France is much closer. Perhaps that ’s something to ponder.

Pros and Cons of Buy-to-Let Property Investment in the UK

Pros:

  1. Rental Income: Buy-to-let properties can provide a steady stream of rental income, which can be a reliable source of passive income.
  2. Capital Appreciation: Over time, the value of the property may increase, leading to potential capital appreciation and long-term wealth creation.
  3. Portfolio Diversification: Investing in buy-to-let properties allows you to diversify your investment portfolio beyond traditional assets like stocks and bonds.
  4. Inflation Hedge: Rental income and property values often have the potential to increase with inflation, providing a hedge against rising living costs.
  5. Tax Benefits: There are various tax advantages available to buy-to-let investors, including deducting allowable expenses and offsetting mortgage interest against rental income.

Cons:

  1. Property Management: Managing a buy-to-let property can be time-consuming and require regular maintenance, dealing with tenants, and handling property-related issues.
  2. Vacancy Risk: There is a risk of periods when the property is vacant, resulting in a loss of rental income and the need to cover mortgage payments and other expenses.
  3. Market Fluctuations: Property values and rental demand can fluctuate based on market conditions, economic factors, and changes in government regulations, impacting potential returns.
  4. Financial Risk: Investing in buy-to-let properties typically involves taking on mortgage debt, which comes with financial risks if rental income doesn’t cover mortgage payments or interest rates rise.
  5. Regulatory Changes: The buy-to-let market is subject to regulatory changes, such as tax reforms and stricter landlord regulations, which can affect profitability and increase compliance requirements.

It’s important to carefully consider these pros and cons, assess your financial situation and investment goals, and seek professional advice before making any buy-to-let property investment decisions in the UK.

Q1: What is buy-to-let property investment?

A1: Buy-to-let property investment is when an individual purchases a property with the intention of renting it out to tenants in order to generate rental income.

Q2: What are the potential benefits of buy-to-let investment?

A2: Some potential benefits include rental income, potential capital appreciation, portfolio diversification, inflation hedge, and tax advantages.

Q3: What are the risks associated with buy-to-let investment?

A3: Risks include property management responsibilities, the risk of periods with no tenants, market fluctuations, financial risks, and the impact of regulatory changes.

Q4: How can I finance a buy-to-let property?

A4: Financing options include using personal savings, taking out a buy-to-let mortgage, or considering joint ventures or partnerships with other investors.

Q5: How do I choose the right location for a buy-to-let property?

A5: Factors to consider include rental demand, property prices, local amenities, infrastructure, and the potential for capital growth in the area.

Q6: What are the ongoing costs involved in buy-to-let investment?

A6: Ongoing costs may include mortgage payments, property maintenance, insurance, management fees, void periods, and potential tax obligations.

Q7: How do I calculate potential rental yield for a buy-to-let property?

A7: Rental yield is calculated by dividing the annual rental income by the property’s purchase price, expressed as a percentage.

Q8: How can I find and attract reliable tenants for my buy-to-let property?

A8: You can advertise through online rental platforms, work with local estate agents, conduct thorough tenant screening, and provide a well-maintained property.

Q9: What are the legal responsibilities of a buy-to-let landlord in the UK?

A9: Legal responsibilities include ensuring compliance with safety regulations, securing tenancy deposits, maintaining proper tenancy agreements, and adhering to eviction procedures.

Q10: How can I mitigate risks and maximize returns with buy-to-let investment?

A10: Mitigate risks by conducting thorough research, maintaining financial reserves, diversifying your property portfolio, and seeking professional advice from property experts and financial advisors.