All you need to know about Ivory
Ivory, with its exquisite beauty and unique properties, has captivated humans for centuries. From its early use in ancient civilizations to its unfortunate association with environmental concerns, the history of ivory is both fascinating and bittersweet. This article explores the rich historical significance of ivory and delves into the reasons behind its subsequent ban.
- The Early Splendor of Ivory: Ivory’s history can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where it was revered for its aesthetic appeal and versatile nature. The ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans utilized ivory to create intricate sculptures, jewelry, and decorative items. Ivory’s fine texture and ability to retain intricate carvings made it a prized material for artisans.
- The Ivory Trade and Expansion: As trade routes expanded, so did the demand for ivory. From Africa to Asia, the ivory trade flourished, and the material became a valuable commodity. European explorers and merchants sought out ivory, fueling its popularity among the wealthy elite. Ivory became synonymous with luxury, power, and prestige.
- The Devastating Impact on Wildlife: As the demand for ivory grew, so did the devastation to elephant populations. Poaching reached alarming levels, threatening the survival of these majestic creatures. The scale of the ivory trade and the increasing threat to elephants sparked global concern and led to the realization that urgent action was needed.
- International Regulations and Bans: In response to the alarming decline in elephant populations, international efforts were made to curb the ivory trade. In 1975, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) was established. CITES aimed to regulate the trade of endangered species, including ivory. Subsequent amendments and stricter regulations followed, leading to a near-total ban on the international ivory trade.
- The Effects of the Ivory Ban: The ban on ivory had both positive and negative consequences. On one hand, it brought attention to the need for wildlife conservation and helped curb elephant poaching to some extent. On the other hand, it created challenges for artisans and traders who relied on the legal trade of antique ivory. The ban also prompted debates and discussions on the ethical considerations surrounding the use and trade of ivory.
The history of ivory is a tale of human fascination, cultural significance, and environmental consequences. From being an emblem of wealth and craftsmanship to a symbol of wildlife conservation, ivory’s journey highlights the complex relationship between human desires and the preservation of nature. As we move forward, it is crucial to understand the lessons learned from the ivory trade and work towards sustainable practices that protect both wildlife and our cultural heritage.
Buying Ivory
When it comes to buying ivory, it is essential to be cautious and aware of its origin and legality. David, an avid collector, frequently visits antique shops, markets, fairs, and country auctions where he encounters numerous newly-made netsuke, small wood or ivory carvings traditionally worn as toggles by the Japanese. However, he notices that these netsuke are actually made in China using new ivory from illegal sources.
Purchasing items made from new ivory inadvertently supports the illegal ivory trade. Therefore, it is crucial that if you decide to buy an ivory piece, you have accurate information about its origin, age, and whether it comes from a reputable source. It is legal to buy genuinely old ivory, and David himself owns a few pieces that are over a hundred years old. He strongly supports the laws in place to protect elephants and their ivory.
Differentiating between old and new ivory can be challenging. While some people believe that ivory turns yellow with age, there are instances where medieval ivories remain pristine white. Hence, relying solely on color is not always a reliable indicator. The best approach is to proceed with caution and always inquire about the history of the piece from the vendors. Requesting proof of its age can also help ensure that you are making an informed and responsible purchase decision.
Cleaning Ivory
Cleaning ivory requires gentle and careful handling to preserve its beauty and integrity. Since ivory has a smooth surface that does not easily absorb dirt, you can use a soft paintbrush to remove any surface dirt or dust. However, when dealing with ingrained dirt, it is advisable to use a spirit-based cleaner like methylated spirits. Avoid using water-based substances such as milk, water, or lemon juice, as they can damage the ivory.
After cleaning with a spirit-based cleaner, you may notice that the ivory appears dry since the natural oils have been wiped away. To revive its luster, simply wipe your hand over the ivory. The natural oils present in your skin will help nourish the ivory and restore its natural sheen. Remember to handle ivory with clean hands to avoid transferring dirt or oils to the surface. By following these gentle cleaning methods, you can maintain the beauty of your ivory pieces.
Ivory legislation
Ivory is currently covered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). At the moment antique pieces are defined as those ivory specimens that were removed from the wild and significantly altered from their natural state for jewellery, adornment, art, utility or musical instruments, before June 1, 1947. Items in their natural state ie a raw rhino horn, acquired before, or indeed after this period, would be considered illegal.
However, in 1997 CITES agreed to allow very limited export of ivory and elephant products, from Zimbabwe only. It is advisable to check with the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) before bringing anything back.
DEFRA is the government department responsible for implementing the CITES controls and issues the relevant licences for this trade in the UK. It is a complex subject and if you intend to buy or sell any animal products it is best to check their status at the CITES website or phone the DEFRA help line on 08459 335577.