The Historical Tapestry of Silver Collecting
The historical tapestry of silver collecting is a fascinating journey that spans the annals of time. To truly appreciate the allure of silver as a collectible, one must delve into its roots and understand the significance it held in different civilizations throughout history.
Ancient civilizations, such as Mesopotamia and Egypt, revered silver for its rarity and captivating luster. In these early societies, silver was associated with wealth, power, and divine qualities. Its malleability and durability made it a favored medium for creating intricate jewelry, ceremonial objects, and luxury items.
As civilizations flourished and trade routes expanded, the demand for silver grew, leading to its widespread use and circulation. The Roman Empire, renowned for its opulence, embraced silver as a symbol of status and prestige. Elaborate silverware and tableware adorned the tables of the elite, while silver coins became the currency of the realm.
In medieval Europe, silver was highly valued for its beauty and practicality. The renowned silversmiths of the time crafted intricate religious artifacts, decorative objects, and ornate cutlery. The artistry of silver pieces reached its pinnacle during the Renaissance, where master craftsmen pushed the boundaries of design and craftsmanship, creating exquisite works that are treasured to this day.
The colonial era witnessed the exploration and exploitation of new territories, resulting in the influx of silver from the Americas and the Far East. This influx of silver influenced the styles and designs of silverware and decorative objects, reflecting the cross-cultural exchange of ideas and aesthetics.
The Industrial Revolution brought about profound changes in the world of silver collecting. Advances in manufacturing techniques and mass production made silver more accessible to the growing middle class. This period saw the rise of silver-plated wares, which provided an affordable alternative to solid silver pieces. The development of electroplating techniques further revolutionized the silver industry, making it possible to create intricate designs and patterns on a larger scale.
In the modern era, silver collecting has evolved into a pursuit that combines historical appreciation, artistic admiration, and investment potential. Collectors seek out rare and unique silver items, ranging from antique pieces that carry the echoes of centuries past to contemporary designs that blend tradition with innovation.
By understanding the historical tapestry of silver collecting, collectors gain a deeper appreciation for the pieces they acquire. Each silver item represents a chapter in the ever-unfolding story of human civilization, a tangible connection to the artisans and cultures that shaped our world. As collectors immerse themselves in this historical journey, they become custodians of the past, preserving the legacy of silver for future generations to appreciate and admire.
A Treasure Trove of Silver Collectibles
A treasure trove of silver collectibles awaits those who appreciate the timeless elegance and enduring beauty of this precious metal. From exquisite silverware to intricate jewelry, the world of silver collecting offers a wide range of captivating items that captivate the senses and hold historical and artistic significance.
Silverware, with its gleaming surfaces and intricate designs, has long been a symbol of refined taste and sophistication. From delicate tea sets and ornate candelabras to intricately engraved cutlery and elegant serving trays, silverware showcases the artistry and craftsmanship of master silversmiths. Each piece tells a story of a bygone era, reflecting the social customs and cultural nuances of its time.
Jewelry adorned with silver is another enchanting facet of silver collecting. From vintage silver rings and bracelets to elaborate necklaces and earrings, silver jewelry has a timeless appeal that transcends fashion trends. Its versatility allows for a myriad of designs, ranging from minimalist and contemporary to intricately embellished and ornate. Silver jewelry not only enhances personal style but also serves as a tangible connection to the past, carrying the echoes of past generations and their individual stories.
The allure of silver extends beyond functional and decorative items. Collectors also seek out commemorative silver coins, medallions, and bullion. These items hold historical and numismatic value, often depicting significant events, influential figures, or emblematic symbols of a nation’s heritage. Silver coins, in particular, provide a glimpse into the economic and political history of different civilizations, allowing collectors to trace the evolution of currency systems and monetary policies.
One of the fascinating aspects of silver collecting is the potential for investment. As a tangible asset, silver has long been recognized as a store of value and a hedge against inflation. Its scarcity and the increasing demand for quality silver items can contribute to their appreciation over time. Collectors who possess a keen eye for rare and sought-after silver pieces may find their collections not only enriching their lives aesthetically but also serving as a prudent investment.
To embark on the journey of silver collecting, it is essential to educate oneself about the various types of silver, hallmarking, and the artistry of different periods. Familiarize yourself with renowned silversmiths and their distinctive styles, such as the elegance of Georgian silver or the ornate craftsmanship of Art Nouveau pieces. Attend auctions, visit antique fairs, and explore reputable dealers to discover hidden gems and expand your knowledge of silver collectibles.
In the world of silver collecting, each acquisition brings the joy of discovery and the thrill of unearthing a piece of history. Whether you are drawn to the ornate beauty of vintage silverware, the timeless allure of silver jewelry, or the investment potential of rare silver coins, the realm of silver collectibles offers endless possibilities. Embrace the journey, and let the treasures of silver enrich your life with their timeless beauty and historical significance.
Decoding the Language of Silver Marks
Decoding the language of silver marks is an essential skill for any silver collector. These marks, often found on the underside or inner surface of silver items, hold valuable information about the origin, quality, and age of the piece. Understanding these markings can help collectors authenticate and date their silver treasures, ensuring they make informed decisions and acquire genuine and valuable items.
One of the most common types of silver marks is the hallmark, a system of symbols and letters used to indicate the purity of the silver and the assay office where it was tested and marked. In the United Kingdom, for example, the hallmark typically includes the maker’s mark, which identifies the silversmith or company responsible for creating the piece, the standard mark, indicating the purity of the silver (such as sterling silver or Britannia silver), the assay office mark, representing the location where the silver was tested, and the date letter, indicating the year of assay. Deciphering these marks can reveal fascinating details about the origin and age of the silver item.
Another type of silver mark to look out for is the maker’s mark, a unique identifier used by silversmiths to distinguish their work. These marks can take the form of initials, names, symbols, or pictorial representations, and they vary across different time periods and regions. Researching and identifying these maker’s marks can provide valuable insights into the history and craftsmanship behind a particular piece of silver.
Additionally, understanding the terminology associated with silver marks is crucial for collectors. Terms such as “sterling silver,” “coin silver,” and “plated silver” refer to different types of silver alloys and can impact the value and authenticity of a piece. Sterling silver, for example, is a highly regarded alloy consisting of 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% other metals, while coin silver refers to a silver alloy historically used in the production of coins and often contains a lower silver content. Silver-plated items, on the other hand, are made of a base metal coated with a thin layer of silver.
It is worth noting that silver marks can vary across different countries and time periods, so collectors should familiarize themselves with the specific marks relevant to their area of interest. Consult reputable reference books, online resources, and expert opinions to gain a deeper understanding of silver marks and their significance.
Decoding the language of silver marks not only helps collectors authenticate and date their silver pieces but also adds a layer of historical context and appreciation to their collections. By unraveling the hidden messages behind these marks, collectors can uncover the stories and craftsmanship embedded in each silver item. So, next time you come across a silver mark, take the time to decode its meaning and unlock the rich history and beauty of your silver collectibles.
London Hallmarks
Sheffield Hallmarks
Edinburgh Hallmarks
Birmingham Hallmarks
The Art of Evaluating Silver Quality
The art of evaluating silver quality is a crucial skill for any silver collector. Understanding the factors that determine the quality and value of silver items can help collectors make informed decisions, assess authenticity, and identify valuable pieces for their collections. Here are some key aspects to consider when evaluating silver quality:
- Purity of the Silver: The purity of silver is typically expressed in terms of its silver content. Sterling silver, for example, is considered to be of high quality and is composed of 92.5% pure silver, with the remaining 7.5% made up of other metals like copper. This standard has been widely adopted in many countries and is indicated by a hallmark or stamp on the silver item.
- Weight and Thickness: The weight and thickness of a silver item can provide clues about its quality. High-quality silver items are often crafted with solid and substantial weight, indicating the use of a larger amount of silver. Thicker silver items are generally considered to be of better quality as they are less likely to wear down over time.
- Craftsmanship and Detailing: Assessing the craftsmanship and detailing of a silver item can provide insights into its quality. Look for intricate designs, precise engravings, and fine finishing. High-quality silver pieces are often meticulously crafted with attention to detail, showcasing the skill and expertise of the silversmith.
- Condition and Wear: The condition of a silver item can affect its value. Look for signs of wear, damage, or repairs, as these factors can impact the overall quality and value of the piece. Minor scratches and signs of use are expected in vintage or antique silver items, but significant damage or extensive wear may detract from its quality.
- Hallmarks and Maker’s Marks: Hallmarks and maker’s marks can provide valuable information about the origin and quality of a silver item. Research and understand the specific hallmarks and maker’s marks relevant to your area of interest. These marks can help authenticate the piece and indicate the reputation and craftsmanship of the silversmith or manufacturer.
- Testing Methods: Professional testing methods, such as acid testing or X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, can be employed to accurately determine the purity and quality of silver. These methods can help verify the silver content and detect any impurities or adulterations that may affect its quality.
- Expert Opinions: When in doubt, seeking the advice of experts and reputable dealers in the field of silver collecting can provide valuable insights into evaluating silver quality. Their knowledge and expertise can help assess the authenticity, craftsmanship, and overall quality of a silver item.
By mastering the art of evaluating silver quality, collectors can make informed decisions, build impressive collections, and appreciate the beauty and historical significance of their silver items. Remember, acquiring high-quality silver pieces not only adds value to your collection but also ensures the preservation of fine craftsmanship and the legacy of this timeless precious metal.
The Pursuit of Silver: Acquiring and Sourcing
The pursuit of silver collecting is an exciting endeavor that involves acquiring and sourcing unique pieces to enrich your collection. Whether you are a seasoned collector or just starting out, understanding the various avenues for acquiring silver can greatly enhance your experience. Here are some key methods and sources for acquiring silver:
- Antique Shops and Estate Sales: Antique shops and estate sales are treasure troves for finding unique and valuable silver items. These establishments often house a diverse range of antique and vintage silver pieces, including flatware, tea sets, and decorative objects. Exploring these venues allows you to discover hidden gems and add pieces with historical and artistic value to your collection.
- Auctions: Auctions provide an exciting platform for acquiring silver, offering a wide selection of items from different eras and styles. Attend local or online auctions specializing in silver, where you can bid on coveted pieces and potentially find exceptional deals. Keep an eye out for specialized silver auctions, as they may feature rare and collectible items that cater specifically to silver enthusiasts.
- Silver Dealers and Collectible Shows: Establishing relationships with reputable silver dealers can be highly advantageous in your pursuit of silver. These professionals have extensive knowledge and access to a wide range of silver items. Attend collectible shows and fairs dedicated to silver to meet dealers, explore their offerings, and potentially find unique pieces that suit your collecting interests.
- Online Platforms: The digital age has opened up endless possibilities for sourcing silver items online. Explore online marketplaces, auction platforms, and dedicated silver websites to find a vast array of silver pieces from around the world. Be sure to research sellers, read reviews, and examine detailed photographs and descriptions before making a purchase.
- Silver Refiners and Bullion Dealers: If you have an interest in silver bars, coins, or investment-grade silver, connecting with silver refiners and bullion dealers is essential. These professionals specialize in refining and producing silver bullion, offering a direct source for acquiring pure silver items. Keep in mind that investment-grade silver may differ in purpose and value from antique or collectible silver.
- Networking and Silver Communities: Engaging with other silver collectors and enthusiasts can provide valuable insights and opportunities for acquiring silver. Join local or online silver collecting communities, participate in forums, and attend collector events to connect with like-minded individuals. Networking with fellow collectors can lead to valuable tips, recommendations, and even potential buying or trading opportunities.
- Inheritance and Family Heirlooms: Silver items are often passed down through generations as cherished family heirlooms. Inheritance from family members or the discovery of forgotten silver pieces within your own family can be a rewarding way to add sentimental and historical value to your collection.
When acquiring silver, it is essential to research, educate yourself on the market value, and assess the condition and authenticity of the pieces. Take your time to explore various sources, expand your knowledge of different silver styles and periods, and develop your personal collecting preferences. The pursuit of silver is a lifelong journey filled with excitement, discovery, and the joy of building a collection that reflects your passion for this exquisite metal.
A Shining Legacy: Preservation and Conservation
Silver, with its timeless beauty and rich history, holds a significant place in the world of collectibles. As a silver collector, it is not only essential to acquire and appreciate these precious pieces but also to preserve and conserve them for future generations. Understanding the importance of preservation and conservation techniques will ensure that your silver collection remains in excellent condition and retains its value over time.
One of the key aspects of preserving silver collectibles is proper storage. It is crucial to keep your silver pieces in a clean, dry, and low-humidity environment to minimize tarnishing and corrosion. Consider using acid-free tissue paper, cotton or silver storage bags, or non-abrasive cloth to wrap and protect individual items. Additionally, tarnish-resistant storage options such as anti-tarnish bags or treated cloth can provide an extra layer of protection.
If you choose to display your silver collection, it’s important to be mindful of the environmental conditions. Avoid exposing silver to direct sunlight or extreme temperature fluctuations, as these can accelerate tarnishing. Utilize display cases or cabinets with UV-protective glass to shield your silver from harmful light rays. Regularly dust and clean the display area to prevent dust buildup, which can lead to tarnish.
Regular cleaning is another crucial aspect of preserving silver’s lustrous shine. However, it is essential to use gentle and non-abrasive cleaning methods to avoid damaging the silver’s surface. Silver polishing cloths specifically designed for silver cleaning are ideal for removing light tarnish and restoring the metal’s brilliance. For more stubborn tarnish, mild silver polishes or homemade cleaning solutions recommended by experts can be used. Always follow the instructions carefully and avoid harsh chemicals that can harm the silver’s patina or engraved details.
Proper handling techniques are vital to prevent accidental damage or degradation of silver items. When handling silver, wear clean, lint-free cotton gloves to minimize fingerprints and oil transfer. If gloves are not available, handle silver pieces by their non-decorative areas to avoid touching the exposed surfaces. Additionally, be cautious of sharp edges or fragile components, such as handles or delicate attachments, and handle them with care.
Adhering to conservation ethics is an essential aspect of responsible silver collecting. Avoid unnecessary modifications or repairs that may compromise the authenticity or originality of the piece. If repairs or restoration are necessary, consult professional conservators who specialize in silver conservation. They possess the expertise to repair or stabilize silver items while maintaining their historical significance.
Maintaining detailed documentation of your silver collection is crucial for its preservation and future value. Keep records of the provenance, historical significance, and any appraisals or certifications associated with each item. This documentation not only adds value to your collection but also assists in tracing its history and authenticity.
Periodically seeking the expertise of professionals in the field of silver conservation and restoration is highly recommended. They can provide thorough assessments of your collection, identify any potential issues, and offer recommendations for proper care and conservation techniques. Professional assessment ensures that your silver collection receives the specialized attention it deserves, helping to preserve its value and beauty for generations to come.
Preserving and conserving silver is not only about protecting its physical condition but also about safeguarding its historical and cultural significance. By implementing these preservation techniques and adhering to conservation ethics, you can ensure that your silver collection remains a shining legacy that can be appreciated by future generations.
Beyond Beauty: The Investment Potential of Silver Collectibles
Silver collectibles not only possess exquisite beauty and historical significance but also hold tremendous investment potential. While the primary allure of collecting silver lies in the joy of owning these precious pieces, it’s worth exploring the financial benefits that can accompany a well-curated silver collection. Let’s delve into the investment potential of silver collectibles and how they can be a lucrative addition to your portfolio.
Intrinsic Value: Silver has been a valuable metal throughout history, prized for its rarity and various industrial applications. Unlike other collectibles that may solely rely on their aesthetic appeal, silver has inherent value as a precious metal. The global demand for silver in industries such as electronics, jewelry, and silverware contributes to its ongoing market value.
Tangible Asset: Silver collectibles offer the advantage of being a tangible asset. Unlike stocks, bonds, or other investment instruments that exist in the digital realm, silver can be held and admired physically. This tangibility adds a sense of security and stability to your investment portfolio.
Historical Significance: Silver collectibles often have rich historical significance, reflecting the craftsmanship and artistry of different time periods. This historical context adds value to these items, making them desirable for collectors and enthusiasts alike. The connection to the past enhances the allure and investment potential of silver collectibles.
Diversification: Including silver collectibles in your investment portfolio provides diversification. By diversifying your investments across different asset classes, you can reduce the risk of having all your assets tied to a single market or industry. Silver acts as a hedge against economic volatility, offering a level of stability and protection during uncertain times.
Market Demand: The demand for silver collectibles has remained strong over the years. Collectors, investors, and enthusiasts from around the world actively seek out unique and rare silver pieces. This sustained demand helps maintain the value of silver collectibles in the market, providing potential for long-term appreciation.
Appreciation Potential: Over time, well-preserved and sought-after silver collectibles have the potential to appreciate significantly in value. As the supply of certain silver items becomes scarce, their rarity enhances their worth. By carefully selecting and acquiring silver collectibles with the potential for appreciation, you can build a valuable collection that appreciates in value over the years.
Professional Guidance: Investing in silver collectibles may require some expertise and guidance. It’s beneficial to consult with professionals in the field, such as antique dealers, silver experts, or investment advisors who specialize in precious metals. Their knowledge and experience can help you make informed decisions and navigate the intricacies of the silver market.
Silver collectibles offer more than just aesthetic pleasure and historical significance—they present a promising investment opportunity. With their intrinsic value, tangible nature, historical significance, and potential for appreciation, silver collectibles can be a valuable addition to your investment portfolio. However, it’s important to approach silver collecting as an informed investor, seeking professional guidance and conducting thorough research. By embracing the investment potential of silver collectibles, you can enjoy the beauty of these precious items while also reaping the rewards of a wise investment strategy.
Embracing the Community: Connecting with Fellow Enthusiasts
One of the joys of collecting silver is the opportunity to connect with a vibrant community of fellow enthusiasts who share your passion for these remarkable items. Engaging with this community can enhance your collecting experience, provide valuable insights, and create lasting friendships. Let’s explore the importance of connecting with fellow silver enthusiasts and the various ways you can become part of this thriving community.
- Online Forums and Communities: The internet has made it easier than ever to connect with like-minded individuals who share your love for silver collectibles. Joining online forums, discussion boards, and social media groups dedicated to silver collecting can be a fantastic way to interact with enthusiasts from around the world. These platforms offer a space to share your knowledge, ask questions, seek advice, and engage in lively conversations about silver collectibles.
- Attend Silver Collectors’ Events: Silver collectors’ events, such as auctions, exhibitions, and trade shows, provide excellent opportunities to meet fellow enthusiasts in person. These events often feature displays of exceptional silver pieces, educational presentations, and networking opportunities. Attending such events allows you to connect with knowledgeable individuals, learn from experts, and expand your network within the silver collecting community.
- Join Local Silver Collectors’ Clubs: Many regions have local silver collectors’ clubs or societies that bring together individuals who have a shared interest in silver. These clubs often organize meetings, presentations, and social gatherings where members can showcase their collections, exchange insights, and discuss the latest trends in silver collecting. Joining a local club can provide a sense of camaraderie and a chance to form connections with fellow collectors in your area.
- Workshops and Educational Programs: Enhancing your knowledge and expertise in silver collecting can be a fulfilling endeavor. Look for workshops, seminars, and educational programs focused on silver craftsmanship, hallmarks, restoration techniques, and other related topics. Participating in these educational activities not only deepens your understanding but also allows you to interact with instructors and fellow learners who share your enthusiasm for silver.
- Collaborative Projects and Exhibitions: Collaborating with other collectors and enthusiasts on projects or exhibitions can be an exciting way to foster connections and showcase your passion for silver. Consider joining forces with fellow collectors to curate a themed exhibition, contribute to a publication, or organize a collective display of your silver treasures. These collaborative endeavors promote knowledge-sharing, creative expression, and a sense of belonging within the wider silver collecting community.
- Online Marketplaces and Trading Platforms: Beyond connecting with enthusiasts, the silver collecting community offers access to online marketplaces and trading platforms where you can buy, sell, or trade silver collectibles. These platforms provide an opportunity to connect directly with sellers and buyers who share your passion for silver. Engaging in transactions within the community can ensure a trusted and reliable exchange of silver items.
By embracing the community of fellow silver enthusiasts, you open doors to valuable connections, shared knowledge, and a deeper appreciation for this remarkable hobby. Engaging with the silver collecting community allows you to learn from others, discover new perspectives, and stay updated on the latest trends and developments in the field. Remember to approach these interactions with an open mind, a willingness to share your own experiences, and a genuine curiosity about the stories behind the silver pieces that bring us all together.
Collecting Silver FAQ
How do I start collecting silver?
Starting a silver collection is an exciting journey. Begin by researching different types of silver collectibles, such as coins, jewelry, or antique silverware. Educate yourself about silver marks, quality, and value. Consider your budget and personal preferences when deciding what to collect. Visit auctions, antique shops, and online platforms to find silver pieces that catch your eye.
Should I be collecting silver?
Collecting silver can be a rewarding hobby for those who appreciate the beauty and history of this precious metal. It offers a tangible connection to the past and can be a potential investment. However, collecting silver requires time, knowledge, and financial commitment. Assess your interest, resources, and long-term goals to determine if collecting silver aligns with your passions and aspirations.
Is antique silver worth collecting?
Antique silver holds both historical and monetary value, making it a sought-after collectible. The value of antique silver depends on factors such as age, craftsmanship, rarity, and condition. Collecting antique silver allows you to own unique pieces with intricate designs and a rich heritage. However, it’s essential to research and authenticate antique silver before making a purchase.
Should I collect sterling silver?
Sterling silver, which contains 92.5% pure silver, is highly regarded in the world of silver collecting. Its durability, beauty, and versatility make it a popular choice. Collecting sterling silver allows you to acquire high-quality pieces that often retain their value. Consider your personal preferences, budget, and the type of silver items you are interested in when deciding to collect sterling silver.
Why is 925 silver so cheap?
925 silver refers to sterling silver, which consists of 92.5% silver and 7.5% other metals for added strength and durability. The reason why 925 silver is relatively affordable compared to pure silver is that the addition of other metals lowers the overall cost of production. However, the value of 925 silver lies not only in its affordability but also in its beauty, craftsmanship, and long-lasting nature.
Is 925 silver worth buying?
925 silver, or sterling silver, is worth buying for many collectors and jewelry enthusiasts. It offers a balance between quality, affordability, and durability. The value of 925 silver lies in its versatility, as it can be crafted into various jewelry pieces and decorative items. When purchasing 925 silver, ensure that it is properly hallmarked and sourced from reputable sellers.
Is Lovisa sterling silver real?
Lovisa is a popular jewelry brand known for its fashion-forward designs. However, it’s important to note that Lovisa primarily uses base metals, such as brass or stainless steel, for its jewelry, rather than sterling silver. While Lovisa may offer silver-colored pieces, they are not made of real sterling silver. If you’re specifically looking for sterling silver jewelry, it’s advisable to seek brands or sellers that specialize in genuine silver items.
Is pure silver better than 925?
Both pure silver and 925 silver (sterling silver) have their unique qualities. Pure silver, also known as fine silver, contains 99.9% silver and is softer compared to sterling silver. While pure silver has a higher silver content, it is more prone to damage and may not be suitable for everyday use. Sterling silver, with its added alloys, offers increased durability and is commonly used for jewelry and silverware. The choice between pure silver and 925 silver depends on yourpreferences and the intended use of the silver.
Which is better silver or sterling silver?
When comparing silver and sterling silver, it’s important to understand that sterling silver is a type of silver. Sterling silver refers specifically to silver that contains 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% other metals, usually copper. This alloy is used to enhance the strength and durability of the silver. So, in terms of quality and value, sterling silver is a preferred choice for many collectors and jewelry enthusiasts due to its higher durability and ability to hold intricate designs.
How do you keep 925 silver from tarnishing?
Tarnishing is a natural process that occurs when silver reacts with sulfur in the air or other substances. To minimize tarnishing of 925 silver, it’s important to store it properly in airtight containers or tarnish-resistant bags when not in use. Avoid exposing silver to harsh chemicals, perfumes, or lotions, as they can accelerate tarnishing. Regularly clean your 925 silver using gentle silver polishing cloths or solutions specifically designed for silver cleaning.
Can you shower with 925 sterling silver?
While 925 sterling silver is relatively durable, it’s generally advisable to remove your silver jewelry before showering or swimming. Prolonged exposure to water, soap, and chlorine can potentially tarnish or damage the silver. Additionally, certain beauty products or harsh chemicals commonly used in showering can affect the appearance and longevity of your silver jewelry. Taking off your 925 sterling silver before showering helps maintain its luster and reduces the risk of any potential damage.
A comprehensive Glossary of Popular Terms Used When Referring to Silver and Silverware
Acanthus – A Mediterranean plant having large spiny leaves. Stylized designs of its leaf have been popular in silver work since the classical era.
Alloy – A mixture of two or more metals accomplished in a molten state. Alloys are formulated to increase desired properties. Fine silver (.999) is too soft and subject to wear to be of utility, it is alloyed with small amounts copper and other metals too increase its hardness and durability.
Alpacca – The trade name of a white colored alloy of roughly 60% copper, 20% nickel, 20% zinc, and 5% tin, it contains no silver and is primarily used as a base metal for silverplating. First formulated in Germany in the 19th century by the chemists Henninger and Geitner. Sometimes spelled Alpaca and also known as German Silver or Nickel Silver.
Annealing – The process of heating silver between sessions of hammering, pressing or rolling. The compression makes the silver brittle and the heating restores its molecular structure to its prestressed state.
Applied – Term to describe decorations made separately, then added to the body of an object.
Argyle – A gravy server consisting of an interior well for holding gravy and a hollow outer casing for holding hot water to keep the gravy warmed. The handles are often side mounted and the spout is generally low on the body. Its design was inspired by John Campbell, the fifth Duke of Argyll in the late 18th century.
Armorial – A type of decoration depicting the owning family’s crest, coat-of- arms, or motto.
Assay – The process of testing for silver purity. A small sample of metal is removed from the object and subjected to various chemical processes. The standard marks struck a piece at the assay office are a guarantee of their particular standard for silver purity.
Base Metal – Any combination of alloys of non-precious metals used as the base for precious metal plating.
Beading – Linear ornamentation formed by adjacent spheres.
Bobeche – Broad brimmed cup or collar, placed within a candle socket to collect the flow of wax drippings.
Bright Cut – A type of engraved decoration produced by short deeply angled cuts of the graver to produce highly reflective lines.
Bright Finish – A highly polished and reflective finish.
Britannia Metal – An alloy of tin, copper and antimony. Similar to in look and feel to pewter, but much harder. Used primarily as a base metal to be silverplated. (Not to be confused with Britannia Standard) See: Electroplate
Britannia Standard – A higher standard of silver than Sterling (92.5%), the Britannia standard (95.8% silver) , was made compulsory in England to protect the new coinage from being melted down by silversmiths for raw material. Britannia was required as of 1697, but the Sterling standard was restored in 1720. Brittania, and its corresponding standard mark, are still sometimes used in Britain.
Cann – An early American term for a mug.
Cartouche – A blank area encircled by ornamentation that is reserved for engraving. Sometimes referred to as the reserve.
Casting – The technique of creating an object by filling a mould of desired form with molten metal.
Chasing -The technique for giving definition and a texture to a design with the use of small punches. Unlike engraving, no metal is removed in the process. Chasing is often used in conjunction with repousse.
Coin Silver – An American term for the alloy of 90% fine silver and 10% copper or base metal alloy. This standard was commonly used in the U.S. until sterling became the accepted standard around 1870.
Cut-Card Work – A decorative applique technique in which sheets of silver are pierced with patterns and solder applied as ornamentation.
Date Letter – The alphabetic system used by an Assay Office to indicate the year of assay.
Die Cutting – Industrial technique in which a die pattern is created in steel. This steel die, or master, is used to stamp out identical articles of a softer metal. Virtually all pattern flatware is created in this fashion.
Electroplating – The use of electricity to deposit a coating of precious metal, suspended in a solution, on the base metal of an object. The first patent for the process was granted to the Elkington Brothers of Birmingham, England in 1840. The brothers, George & Henry, founded the silver electroplating industry that has spread to all parts of the world. Common markings on electroplated silverware include:
E.P.C. – Electroplated Copper
E.P.B.M. – Electroplated Britannia Metal
E.P.N.S. – Electroplated Nickel Silver.
E.P.W.M. – Electroplated White Metal
Silver Soldered
Emboss – To create a three-dimensional design by pressure with the use of dies, stamps or punches from the reverse. see; Repousse
Engraving – The technique of cutting lines in metal with burins or graver’s tools as a decorative means. Monograms, armorial crests and many other decorations are accomplished by this method.
A variety of effects can be achieved by using different graving tools. see; Bright Cut
Filigree – The delicate technique of curling, twisting or plaiting fine pliable cables of silver or gold, and soldering them at their points of contact to create an openwork design. Filigree work is often used for appliques on objects and as a base for enameling, either backed or openwork (plique a jour). The technique has been in popular since ancient times.
Finial – Decorative or utilitarian knob found at the top of an item or cover. Also called a knop.
Flatware – The silver of dining; knives, forks, spoons and the associated serving pieces used at table.
Florentine Finish – A heavily brushed satin finish.
Fluting – Type of decoration using parrallel or radiating grooves and ridges.
Forging – Technique for shaping metal through hammering it against an anvil or stakes.
Gadroon – An ornamental band of angled lobes or fluting, usually used as a border.
German Silver – Obsolete tradename of an alloy containing no silver (not to be confused with Silver From Germany). see; Alpacca.
Gilding – A thin surface coating of gold. Originally accomplished by the technique of fire gilding, a toxic method involving mercury, gilding on silver is now done through the process of electroplating. see; Parcel Gilding
Greek Key – A Classical ornamental design in the form of a meander pattern of alternating and interlocking right angles.
Hallmark – An official marking made by a trusted party, usually an assay office or guild hall, on items made of precious metals (platinum, gold and silver) that guarantees a certain purity of the metal. This should not be confused with a marking, such as a sterling stamp, which is done voluntarily by the manufacturer. A hallmark is only applied after the item has been assayed to determine its purity. Often the hallmark is made up of several elements including: the type of metal, the maker and the year of the marking. The term does not apply to American silver marks nor should ever be used in the context of silverplate.
Hammered Finish – An uneven textured finish accomplished by the use of flat or round headed hammers.
Holloware – Term indicating a vessel, usually associated with food and beverage wares.
Journeyman – A silversmith who has fully completed his apprenticeship, but who still works in the employ of his or another master.
Journeyman’s mark – See; Tally mark
Leopard’s Head – The town mark for London.
Lion Passant – English mark guaranteeing sterling silver purity.
Maker’s Mark – The proprietary mark of the individual silversmith. It ensures a responsible party for the standard mark.
Nickel Silver – see; Alpacca.
Objects of virtu – Small luxury items such as snuff boxes, mulls, vinaigrettes, necessaires, seals and needle cases. Often made of silver, as well as gold, tortoiseshell, porcelain and enamel.
Ogee – A bowl, foot or molding form, its profile in the shape of a double curve like an elongated S.
Oxidation – Silver tarnish that adds accented beauty to the ornamentation by providing shadows and highlights that give depth and character.
Paktong – A copper-nickel-zinc alloy of white color, invented in China and brought to Europe during the 18th century. It inspired the invention of nickel silver. see; Alpacca.
Parcel Gilding – Partial or part gilding, a technique in which a mask of varnish is applied to the areas of the object that the plater does not want gilded. It can be a highly effective form of decoration.
Patina – The changes to the surface layer of an object resulting from natural aging and use. In silver we tend to think of it as the soft luster caused by tiny and microscopic scratches and the oxidation contained therein.
Pennyweight – A unit of Troy weight. It is equal to 24 grains, 1/20th of a troy ounce or 1/240th of a troy pound. It was the the original weight of the old English silver penny, of which 240 made a Pound Sterling. Abbreviation (dwt). see; Troy Weight
Piercing – Decorative technique in which parts of the silver are cut away by hand with a fine saw and refined by filing to form a pierced pattern. Now mostly rendered with cutting dies.
Plate – An antiquated term for wrought solid silver objects. The term predates the invention of silverplating and its original definition has gone out of use due to the confusion of meanings. Today it is more commonly used to describe objects that have been silverplated.
Precious Metals – Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and their alloys. All resistant to corrosion and classed as noble metals.
Repousse – Decorative technique dependant on hammering the object from the reverse side in order to raise decoration on the front, used widely with chasing that gives detail to the form raised.
Reeded – Repetitive linear ornamentation of parallel or radiating lines. Also called Ribbed.
Satin Finish – A matte or frosted finish accomplished by brushing or chemical means. Also called a Butler’s finish.
Scroll – A volute form decorative element, a spiral.
Sheffield Plate – A mechanical process of fusing a thin sheet of silver to a thicker core of copper by means of heating and rolling. This process was invented by Thomas Boulsover in Sheffield in the mid-eighteenth century and proved to be very popular. By 1765 the sandwiched metal was being used to make objects that imitated silver, yet were less expensive, even though the actual fabrication was much more difficult. Sheffield Plate was made until around 1860 although the technique had already begun to be replaced by electroplating in 1840.
Silver Gilt – Gold plated or gilded silver.
Silverplate – Objects that are subjected to the plating process in order to resemble genuine silver.
Soldering – The technique of joining metallic parts by using a silver alloy, flux and high heat.
Spinning – Technique of turning sheet silver on a lathe over a wooden form. It enables the achievement of precise curves and contours, but the resulting product is usually very light in gauge.
Spur – A short, curved projection at the top of a handle, usually seen on mugs and tankards, and used to aid in holding the object or keeping a hinged lid from damaging the handle.
Sterling Silver – An English term for the alloy of 92.5% fine silver and 10% copper or base metal alloy. Originally based on English coinage and used only in the British Isles, this standard has, over time, become the predominant standard used around the world.
Tally Mark – An ‘extra’ mark used “in shop” to identify which pieces a journeyman smith actually made. This mark enable the journeyman’s production to be tallied so that he could be paid appropriately. Most often seen on British sterling and American coin silver.
Tastevin – A wine taster, the form is a small shallow bowl, usually with one handle, sometimes two.
Trademark – A mark consisting of a particular company’s trade name or symbol. Such as Whiting’s “Winged Lion & W”
Troy Weight – Unit of weight measure used by goldsmiths and silversmiths and intended solely for measuring precious metals, a pound Troy has 12 ounces, each ounce composed of 20 pennyweights. One pound Troy equals 373.2 grams.
Vermeil – see; Silver Gilt